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Planetary nebula · evidence and sources

Dumbbell Nebula

Also known as M27, Messier 27, NGC 6853.

Catalog Position basis, the same label the app shows on the selection card.

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Every aspect, with its origin

One record per aspect. The origin says what kind of thing each value is; the source says where it came from; the limit says what it cannot tell you.

ObservedCatalogComputedReconstructedIllustrativeUndocumented
Position Catalog

Image-field position and adopted distance

Dumbbell Nebula image-field center is placed at J2000 RA 20 h, Dec 22.7° in Vulpecula, at an adopted distance of 1,200 light-years.

EpochJ2000
LimitImage north is 0 degrees right of vertical. Line-of-sight thickness is illustrative.
Physical data Catalog

Image field at the adopted distance

Dumbbell Nebula (planetary nebula; central source Dumbbell Nebula, illuminating stellar system): projected footprint at the adopted distance 2.4 × 2.4 light-years; outer radius used for arrival 1.2 light-years.

Methodmeasured sky-plane structure with constrained display depth
Appearance Reconstructed

Sky-plane structure with a display depth

The optical composite covers the bright inner nebula; very faint extended halos can lie outside the field. Placement uses the approximate distance adopted in the source release. Projected structure follows the credited observation at its published angular scale and an approximate adopted distance. Shallow depth is illustrative, not measured tomography. The source palette is preserved; brightness is adjusted for the navigable view.

Methodmeasured sky-plane structure with constrained display depth
LimitEmission points and knots are deterministic presentation samples, not individually catalogued gas parcels.

What is not measured

  • Appearance: a reconstruction from measurements, not a direct observation. Sky-plane structure with a display depth. Emission points and knots are deterministic presentation samples, not individually catalogued gas parcels.

Sources cited

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