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Planetary nebula · evidence and sources

Ring Nebula

Also known as M57, Messier 57, NGC 6720.

Catalog Position basis, the same label the app shows on the selection card.

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Every aspect, with its origin

One record per aspect. The origin says what kind of thing each value is; the source says where it came from; the limit says what it cannot tell you.

ObservedCatalogComputedReconstructedIllustrativeUndocumented
Position Catalog

Sky position and adopted distance

Ring Nebula is placed at J2000 RA 18.9 h, Dec 33° in Lyra, at an adopted distance of 2,300 light-years.

EpochJ2000
LimitThe polar lobes point almost toward Earth; no unsupported exact tilt or sky position angle is assigned.
Physical data Catalog

Measured dimensions

Ring Nebula (planetary nebula; central source WD 1851+329, central white dwarf): measured diameter 1 light-year; ejection age about 4,000 years; expansion more than 19 km/s (Hubble 1998–2011 comparison); outer radius used for arrival 0.5 light-years.

Methodobservation-constrained reconstruction
Appearance Reconstructed

3D geometry as an observation-constrained reconstruction

The bright main disk, central cavity, and polar lobes follow the Hubble and spectroscopic 3D interpretation inside the measured one-light-year extent. Emission points and knot placement are deterministic presentation samples, not individually reconstructed gas parcels.

Methodobservation-constrained reconstruction
LimitEmission points and knots are deterministic presentation samples, not individually catalogued gas parcels.

What is not measured

  • Appearance: a reconstruction from measurements, not a direct observation. 3D geometry as an observation-constrained reconstruction. Emission points and knots are deterministic presentation samples, not individually catalogued gas parcels.

Sources cited

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